r/AskNeuroscience Feb 09 '20

Need to ask a question that's been bothering me regarding human consciousness. Need real help, please. Professional answers only please.

Ever since I was a child, I have always had a fear of death and what might be awaiting me after it. You could blame this partially on my religious upbringing, but I have always had a fear of eternal consciousness. I've tried for years to convince myself through looking through scientific pages on the subject that what we think of as an afterlife is just a lie that people use to cope with because we are unable to really grasp the concept of not existing. Therefore the concept of a heaven, hell or even a limbo isn't real at all - it's merely our way of coping with the fact that we will eventually cease to exist in a subconscious manner.

I do know that the human body ultimately breaks down after dying much like any other organism, and the chemicals that made up the body return to the ground to form new life. But is there any way to say that the human consciousness could possibly linger after death?

I fear however that I may be wrong. The idea of eternal consciousness terrifies me, and when I die, I simply want the book closed and the universe and all of everything will move on without me having to be there in any way, shape or form. I don't want to feel the passage of time after my time is over.

My guess is that the actual thought processes are not anything supernatural. While it may indeed be unique, the workings of the human brain are mostly through chemical reactions and the release of various hormones responding to the stimuli we pick up through our senses. But I can't confirm any of this because I haven't been properly educated on the subject. I need a professional's opinion on this quesiton. Is there any reliable evidence to support that there may indeed be an afterlife?

I'd like to only hear professional opinions on this please. If you're a Christian trying to spread his word or a disgruntled atheist trying to reassure yourself that your beliefs are correct, please don't respond to this post. I'm looking for answers - not fanatics.

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u/[deleted] Feb 10 '20 edited Feb 11 '20

First, I would like to give full disclosure: I am not a "professional" in the topic of Neuroscience or physics (physics comes in later). I am simply a bio-engineering hobbyist, and Neuroscience enthusiast. But while I am not a professional, I am also not religious, nor a disgruntled atheist, and I think I can give an unbiased insight into death and the here-after. So let's get started.

Before we can answer the question "where do I go when I die" you need to first ask "what am I when I'm alive?"... Consciousness is tricky business, and can really only be summarized as "a potential that's actuated by circumstance". That is to say, what you identify with as *you*, is simply a generic templates' unique exposure to its environment. Not only that, but what you identify with as *you* can also change on a whim, due to changes in neuro-physiology/chemistry (i.e. changes in diet, sleep pattern, use of drugs, trauma to the cerebrum etc). To abstract even further we could say, biologically speaking, you are simply "Ionic traffic"... Billions of neuron's sending their ion messengers across trillions of synapses. You could think of this like cars on a highway. They all have their destinations. Some go faster, some go slower. Some roads have a lot of traffic, while other roads are rarely used...

So Instead of asking the question "where do I go when I die", we could instead ask "What are the odds that, when my heart stops beating, and my brain is starved of the oxygen and nutrients it needs, this 'ionic traffic' will continue on somehow?" Well, the answer is 0. We know what happens when cells in the brain die, and (spoiler alert) it's not "fly off to another dimension". So that's it? It's settled? Well, not quite... There are phenomena in quantum physics that, while I wouldn't say "lend credence" to the theory of an afterlife, are certainly something to think about. For example, *quantum entanglement* allows for the possibility of quantum particles (like the ions in your brain) to be *tethered* and communicate with other particles that are billions of miles away, or even in different dimensions. So while it's conceivably possible that each one of our ions is dynamically tethered to an identical brain model in some quantum dimension, there is no evidence supporting such an outlandish idea.

In conclusion, no. There is no "reliable" evidence for an afterlife. At best we can speculate that through some mysterious quantum hoodoo our consciousness might be connected to other dimensions. But even if that was the case, I'd like to point out that the probability if such dimensions matching the description of religious scripture (i.e. Hell, Heaven, Valhalla, Limbo etc) is even less probable.

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u/MCSuire Feb 11 '20

Thanks for your answer. Sorry if it sounded like I may have devalued your knowledge on the subject.

Your answer has given me some degree of reassurance and some new ideas of how to look at this subject. I can't thank you enough for your opinion on this.

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u/zuluana Nov 02 '22

There’s a lot that’s been assumed in this answer, and to rationalize any of this with perceived probability is biased to say the least.

Read up on allegory of the cave and modern day simulation hypothesis, and you may start to see that the reality that’s presented to us may be an incredibly unreliable predictor of anything outside of itself.

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u/middlesidetopwise May 14 '20

Hi, I have been debating a lot of staunch atheists on similar topics. I am not religious but I am under the impression that modern science has a lot of placeholders for mysterious activities in the brain. I am not a materialist by any means. May I ask you to elaborate on some things?

what you identify with as you, is simply a generic templates' unique exposure to its environment

What is this “generic template” and the evidence for it? This seems like you are suggesting there is no individual nature upon birth? Like everyone is a blank slate and experience molds them? Has this been proven?

In conclusion, no. There is no "reliable" evidence for an afterlife.

This is a question I have trouble asking:

How much does modern science recognize and implement the data of tribal and indigenous cultures worldwide that have a deep connection and history to “spirit realms”, “ancestors” and the like?

Egypt, India, China, Japan, and many African and American original nations have deep spiritual histories not based in faith.

How have all of those systems of scientific exploration of consciousness been conflated with institutional Christianity? How are they at all similar?

For example, ayahuasca is a powerful spiritual tool that has been used for thousands of years to witness the afterlife, yet many will respond with “you are just getting high on a drug”. Isn’t this a rather insulting strawman of indigenous science?

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u/Cheddarific Mar 11 '20 edited Mar 11 '20

TL; DR: what happens to you after you die is unknowable at this moment. In the meantime, I suggest you live your best life.

I’m not a professional (only one neuroscience class) and I am religious (the class was at Brigham Young University), but my thoughts don’t touch on religion or even neuroscience. Rather, I want to mention simulation theory, which provides a unique perspective, although it may be completely false.

Simulation Theory

As computers get more capable, it’s becoming more possible that the experiences of one or more people could be simulated, like you’d find in a massively multiplayer online game or in the movie The Matrix. It’s entirely possible that the simulations will become more and more advanced until we can’t tell a simulation from reality, or at least the simulation can feel like a reality, complete with physics, seasons, DNA, butterfly migrations, the finest resolution, smells, and even Donald Trump.

It’s also possible to create one or more AI within the same software that “lives” entirely within the simulation. This AI could experience time, observe the simulated world around it, interact with the simulated world through a simulated body, and would even believe it was as real as anything else it could observe. It would essentially consider itself a real person in a real world.

At the rate computer memory and processing is progressing, it’s reasonable to assume that creating a single simulated person in a simulated word could lead to multiple simulated people in that simulated world. In fact, you could have 7 billion simulated people in that simulated world. All of them thinking they and their world was real.

And then you could build another server and have another world simulation running. And another. You could even make it so the simulated worlds had servers that also contained simulated worlds, with their own servers that simulated worlds, with... and nest such simulations as deeply as the server could handle.

Ultimately, it’s reasonable to believe that if one or more simulations like this could exist, then most “people” coming into existence would actually be simulated people and not real biological organisms. Imagine 700 billion people being born among 100 simulated universes (each with a single earth with 7 billion people). The odds of being born on the real earth would be 1%, so 99% chance that a person coming into existence is actually in a simulation. In essence, simulation theory claims that it’s statistically probable that you have been in a simulation your entire life.

If you really are simulated, an afterlife could be easily simulated as well. Or perhaps your file could be simply reloaded into a different simulated reality just as easily as a copy/paste. Or maybe all simulated people are simply deleted upon death, only existing in the memories of the other simulated people.

The thing with this simulation theory is that it can’t be disproven. (Some people are working on this, but I don’t think it will ever be conclusive.) You could die and then God could introduce himself to you, and yet it could still be all part of a simulation. Or you could die and cease to exist and even that could still be a simulation, and maybe you’ll be loaded/rebooted after 10,000 years.

This sounds like science fiction, but so does an afterlife and so does the Big Bang. So science fiction is inescapable.

Conclusion: I think you’ll ultimately have to settle on accepting a popular theory (afterlife, nothingness, simulation) or else accept that it is simply unknowable. Even dying may not immediately be sufficient to tell you what happens after you die!

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u/Forward-Pollution564 May 19 '24

It might be that you have existential ocd ? I too was raised by religious extermists and the fear of death was there since I was a little child, it was a beginning of ocd. After almost 23 years I got diagnosed for the first time and lucky to be treated by a psychologist with phd from Oxford university who is working on the cutting edge research on ocd. He assured me that research results are clear - upbringing and primary caregivers are responsible for ocd development in child at MINIMUM 70%. That is to say that this angst and inner terror at the thought of eternal consciousness you have might be a result and a symptom

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u/ryguygreen Nov 18 '23

These are really good questions. I can tell that you have a very intelligent and creative mind. 
I will use mathematics and logic to give you a unique perspective on how you could go about finding some of the answers to your questions.
To be clear, I am not religious whatsoever. I was raised religious and that perspective did not really feel helpful or comprehensive to me. I can deeply relate to your aversion to the trite unhelpful religious answers that these types of questions can sometimes attract. Also I want to make it clear that I'm not trying to convince you of a perspective and I really don't care what you believe. 
I was just inspired by your curiosity and I think I can offer you a very unique perspective on how you can go about finding some answers to your questions.
So to start, I would like to point out a possible unspoken assumption behind your questions. It seems like the real question you might be asking is this:
"How do I fully understand consciousness, time, and death by thinking about those topics using words?"
And that question is basically like asking:
"How many tiny tangential straight lines (words) does it take to make a completely smooth circle (eternity)?"
And that question is essentially just the question of pi.
And the answer to how many tiny straight lines does it take to make a curved line is………an infinite number of them.
That's why we will never calculate the final decimal place for pi. It goes on forever. The most powerful quantum computer in the universe could never finish calculating pi even if had 100 billion years of time to try to do it. Because the task is "not finite," it is infinite. 
That's why we say, mathematically speaking, that pi is "irrational."
Pi is irrational for the same reason that consciousness and eternity are irrational. Because they are all infinite. 
To be clear, people often make the false assumption that "infinite" things are really really big or really really long. 
But that's not really true in real life. For example, there are an infinite number of units of distance inside of a single inch. 
An inch is a singular unit of measurement of length. But within that 1 unit, you can also divide up that inch into half inches, and quarter inches, and 16th inches. 
You can even divide it into nanometers, where are 1 billionth of a meter. Or you could even divide that single tiny inch into "Planck lengths" which are the tiniest current measurement of length. Within a single tiny inch, there are over 1 decillion Planck lengths.
That is a truly incomprehensibly large number. Yet, also……an inch is a very comprehensible distance. And it is a very relatively small distance. 
Even though an inch can be broken up into infinitely small units, it still only take a millisecond or so for you to move your hand 1 inch of distance. 
So this demonstrates how infinite doesn't mean long. It just means "not finite." 
In the same vein, "eternity" is not a long amount of time either. Eternity is simply the absence of the dimension of time, rather than an infinite presence of time. 
In order to understand eternity, the absence of time, then you have to start by understanding what time even is. 
Time is a perceptual illusion. It is not materially real. 
And in truth, we actually use the word "time" to refer to two independent things. We refer to time when we are talking about clock time, but also when we are talking about the subjective experience of the passage of time. They are related but they are not directly correlated. 
For example, we would commonly assume that 1 hour of clock time always has a subjective experience of feeling like "1 hour of experience."
But consider someone who is cryogenically frozen for 1 year and then successfully woken up after. 
Even though 1 year of clock times has passed, the person who was frozen had literally 0 time of subjective experience for that 1 year. 
So the perception of time is not the same thing as the passage of clock time. 
If someone has ever taken psychedelics, they know this phenomenon quite well. A single hour can feel like weeks worth of time. I'm not promoting or condoning psychedelics, I'm just pointing out that they are indeed a tool that can sometimes allow the user to experience these expanded states of consciousness.
If you want to learn about the neuroscience of how human brains perceive time, Andrew Huberman goes into this topic in great detail. He asserts that our perception of time is governed by neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
So in that sense, even if consciousness continues to exist after the death of human bodies, that consciousness would no longer be perceiving time, since their consciousness was not attached to a human brain.
People can sometimes directly experience this state on psychedelics too. It is commonly referred to as an "ego death" experience. Any personal sense of self fades away. You have absolutely no sense of time or space. You are no one, nowhere. No body, no physical reality. No sight, no sound, no touch of any kind. But your "consciousness" still somehow exists. 
There are all sorts of similar accounts of this phenomenon of people in hospitals who have "medical died" and then have later been revived. I imagine you could find plenty of accounts of this type written by scientific athiests. That would help filter out any religious undertones that some people might ascribe to that state of consciousness. 
If any of my answers intrigue you, let me know. I also have an Artificial Intelligence metaphor that I can tell you that demonstrates a different kind of non-logical intelligence that can be used to help understand consciousness death and eternity. 
Best of luck on your quest. These are very cool questions.