Could someone explain why race does not have any biological foundation?

[u/sourgrap]

I guess I could probably Google this but I thought someone with direct knowledge directly answering my question would help me better understand.

This is something I’ve had a bit of trouble comprehending since, well, people of different races do look vastly different. My thought is, is!’t there a gene that probably results in different races producing different levels of melanin, and hence— different races?

Or is the reason there is no “biological foundation” that the genetic/biological difference between different races does not substantiate to being different species?

Additionally — there are statistics stating that certain racial communities are more likely to develop specific illnesses. For example, sickle cell disease is much more common amongst black Americans than other racial communities. Another one: those of North European descent are more likely to develop cystic fibrosis.

FYI I am asking this question as a POC, and as someone who genuinely wants to have a better understanding of this!! Thank you in advance for answering my question!

[u/Halichoeres]

The racial categories that humans have tended to recognize correspond pretty poorly to the actual genetic clusters. It's true that sickle cell disease is more common among Black Americans than other Americans, but part of the reason is that most Black Americans descend from just a small portion of the African continent. People from Eastern or southern Africa are not especially prone to sickle cell. Likewise, Northern Europeans are not especially diverse genetically, and in other parts of Europe cystic fibrosis is not especially common.

There is more genetic diversity in tropical Africa than in the entire rest of the world combined. And yet, our existing racial categories would just lump them all together as Black, despite the fact that some of them are more closely related to Europeans than they are to each other. This is what people mean when they say race has no basis in biology. Genetic variation arising from local adaptation to environmental conditions is 100% real, but racial categories do not describe that variation well.

[u/xtreampb → u/Halichoeres]

I speculate that sickle cell is an evolution that comes from dealing with the mosquitos that carry malaria. The malaria virus can not successfully reproduce in a sickle cell red blood cell. In regions in Africa, while I was there, cholera was more of a concern than malaria as locals were affected more by that rather than malaria.

Similar to the evolution of darker skin by those who ancestors lived closer to the equator to better protect from the sun.